In the summer of 2002, the Uzbek-American Stone Age Project discovered a new Middle
Paleolithic cave site in the Kashkadariya region of southeastern Uzbekistan. Anghilak cave (Figure 1, see
above) represents the first new Paleolithic discovery in this recently independent republic in over a
decade and the only site of this time period known from the region of Kashkadariya (Figure 2, see
left). Located in the foothills of the southern face of the Zerafshan mountain range, Anghilak (39°
17'07.4"N, 66° 41'13.1"E, 796 m.) is a relatively small east-facing cave formed from a vertical karst.
Two test units (1 x 2 m., 1 x 1 m.) were excavated to a depth of 1.45 m. and yielded 485 pieces of chipped
stone and over 2200 animal bones. At least five natural stratigraphic units were observed from the south
wall of the larger test unit. Most of the archaeological material comes from two units that occur between
30 - 85 cm. Within these units, two hearths were exposed with associated burned animal bone in addition
to a well-delineated orange patch that appears to be ochre.
A preliminary typological inventory reflects the Middle Paleolithic character of the lithic material
(Figure 3). Exploited raw materials are variable and include items made from flint, quartz, siliceous
limestone, and quartzite. Researchers have noted the general similarities between Central Asian
Mousterian assemblages and those from the Zagros-Taurus, Trans-Caspian, and Altai regions, supporting the
association between these assemblages and the Neandertals (Vishnyatsky and Liubin 1995).
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